IKZF1 Deletion–Based Gene Profile and Outcome in Pediatric B-Cell Precursor ALL
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Stanulla et al found that a gene profile including somatic deletions in the lymphoid transcription factor–coding gene IKZF1 and deletions in other genes was associated with minimal residual disease (MRD)-dependent very-poor prognosis...
SSO 2018: Is Low-Volume Disease in the Sentinel Node After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy an Indication for Axillary Dissection?
Frozen section evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy has a higher false-negative rate than in the primary surgical setting, particularly for small tumor deposits. However, it is unknown whether similar false positive rates occur after chemotherapy. Researchers led by...
SGO 2018: New Data Suggest Cervical Cancer Age-Based Screening Guidelines Should Be Reconsidered
One in five women diagnosed with cervical cancer in the United States will be diagnosed after the age of 65, suggesting that the recommended age to stop cervical cancer screening should be reconsidered, according to research presented at the Society of Gynecologic Oncology’s (SGO) 2018 Annual ...
EBCC-11: Double Mastectomy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Carriers
Healthy women who carry a breast cancer–causing mutation in the BRCA1 gene not only reduce their risk of developing the disease but also their chances of dying from it if they have both breasts removed, according to new research presented at the 11th European Breast Cancer Conference...
FDA Grants Breakthrough Therapy Designation to Enfortumab Vedotin for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer
On March 26, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to enfortumab vedotin, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who were previously treated with checkpoint inhibitors. Breakthrough Therapy ...
SGO 2018: Gender Differences May Play a Role in Lack of HPV Vaccination
Parents are less likely to vaccinate adolescent boys than girls with the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, and they are twice as likely to report their main reason as a lack of provider recommendation, according to a study presented at the 2018 Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Annual Meeting ...
SSO 2018: Improved Survival With Nodal Downstaging in Gastric Cancer if ypN0 Is Achieved
A team of researchers led by Naruihiko Ikoma, MD, MS, of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, analyzed outcomes in 316 patients with gastric cancer to determine whether patients who had clinically positive nodal disease before preoperative therapy have...
Outcomes With a Payer-Sponsored Medicare Advantage Cancer Management Program
In a study reported in the Journal of Oncology Practice, Hoverman et al found that a Texas Oncology–Aetna Medicare Advantage collaboration resulted in cost savings, good adherence to treatment pathways, and high patient satisfaction over 3 years. Study Details The collaborative...
Effect of Integrated Assessment and Management Tool on Pain Management in Cancer Center Inpatients
In a UK-based study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Fallon et al found that adding a clinician-delivered bedside pain assessment and management tool (Edinburgh Pain Assessment and Management Tool [EPAT]) to usual care improved some pain outcomes in cancer center inpatients. Study...
Lenvatinib Mesylate Approved in Japan for Unresectable HCC
On March 23, the multiple-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib mesylate (Lenvima) was approved in Japan for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This is the first approval worldwide of lenvatinib mesylate for the indication of unresectable HCC and the first new systemic therapy to...
EBCC-11: DCIS Less Likely to Recur in Patients Who Are Postmenopausal, ER-Positive
Patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are less likely to have recurrent disease if they are postmenopausal or if their tumor is estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, according to research presented at the 11th European Breast Cancer Conference (EBCC-11) (Abstract 215). DCIS accounts for about...
SSO 2018: Outcomes of Patients With Metastatic Melanoma Selected for Surgery After Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy has transformed the treatment of metastatic melanoma, with 3-year survival rates surpassing 50% for appropriate patients. However, many of these patients still require surgery, but very little research has been done on this group of patients to determine whether surgery after...
SGO 2018: PARP-7 Protein May Play a Significant Role in Survival for Ovarian Cancer
Patients with ovarian cancer with genetic amplification in the PARP-7 protein survived longer than those without the mutation, according to a presentation at the Society of Gynecologic Oncology’s (SGO) 2018 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. These results call for researchers to further...
IMpower131 Study: Atezolizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Advanced Squamous NSCLC
On March 20, Genentech announced that the phase III IMpower131 study met its coprimary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS) and demonstrated that the combination of atezolizumab (Tecentriq) plus chemotherapy (carboplatin and nanopartical albumin-bound [nab]-paclitaxel [Abraxane])...
EBCC-11: Risk of a Second Breast Cancer Can Be Better Quantified in Patients With a BRCA Mutation
The risk of a second breast cancer in patients with high-risk BRCA gene mutations can be more precisely predicted by testing for several other genetic variants, each of which are known to have a small impact on breast cancer risk, according to new research presented at the 11th European Breast...
Analyses of Radiographic Progression-Free Survival in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
As reported in JAMA Oncology by Rathkopf et al, sensitivity analyses of radiographic progression-free survival in the PREVAIL trial comparing enzalutamide vs placebo in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer support use of the measure as a clinically meaningful endpoint in trials in this...
Genomic Copy Number Aberrations and Extremely Poor Survival in High-Risk Neuroblastoma
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Depuydt et al identified two genomic copy number aberrations associated with risk of extremely poor survival in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Study Details The international collaborative study included normalized...
Long-Term Outcome With Finasteride Using Medicare Claims Linked to the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Unger et al linked data from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) with Medicare claims and found that finasteride treatment was associated with a maintained reduction in prostate cancer risk after discontinuation of the...
Encorafenib Plus Binimetinib vs Vemurafenib and Encorafenib Alone in Advanced BRAF-Mutant Melanoma
In the phase III COLUMBUS trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Dummer et al found that the combination of the BRAF inhibitor encorafenib and the MEK inhibitor binimetinib improved progression-free survival vs vemurafenib (Zelboraf) in patients with advanced BRAF V600–mutant melanoma....
Gut Bacteria May Determine Speed of Tumor Growth in Pancreatic Cancer
The population of bacteria in the pancreas increases more than a thousandfold in patients with pancreatic cancer and becomes dominated by species that prevent the immune system from attacking tumor cells. These are the findings of an early study conducted on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,...
FDA Updates Public Information About Known Risk of Lymphoma From Breast Implants
On March 21, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued updated information about its understanding of breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). The agency is providing an updated number of medical device reports (ie, adverse event reports) and medical...
FDA Expands Nilotinib Indication to Pediatric Patients With CML
Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expanded the indication for nilotinib (Tasigna) to include treatment of first- and second-line pediatric patients 1 year of age or older with Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase. In the United...
Postoperative Chemoradiotherapy vs Radiotherapy in High-Risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
In an Australia-New Zealand phase III trial (Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group 05.01) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Porceddu et al found no benefit of adding carboplatin to postoperative radiation therapy in patients with high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head...
Fruquintinib in Pretreated Advanced NSCLC
In a Chinese phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lu et al found that the VEGFR-1,-2, and-3 kinase inhibitor fruquintinib was active in patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who progressed after two prior chemotherapy regimens. Study Details ...
EAU 2018: Prostate MRI Reveals More Clinically Significant Cancers, Reduces Overdiagnosis Compared to Standard Biopsy
A large international study has shown that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can reduce the number of invasive prostate biopsies by up to 28%. The PRECISION trial showed that using MRI to target prostate biopsies leads to more harmful and fewer harmless prostate cancers being diagnosed. The results...
EAU 2018: Study Finds a Quarter of Penile Cancer Patients Do Not Receive Recommended Treatment
A major international survey has found that around a quarter of patients with penile cancer are not receiving the recommended treatment, and that these patients had half the survival rate of those who were treated according to guidelines. The study, presented at the European Association of Urology...
EAU 2018: Survey Shows Greater Suicide Rate in Patients With Urologic Cancers
A major UK survey has shown that patients with urologic cancer—such as prostate, bladder, or kidney cancer—are five times more likely to commit suicide than people without cancer. The analysis also shows that patients with cancer generally are around three times more likely to commit...
Effect of Single PSA-Based Screening on Prostate Cancer Mortality
In the UK-based CAP trial reported in JAMA, Martin et al found that a single prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening was not associated with better 10-year prostate cancer-specific survival vs the standard practice of no screening. Screening was associated with greater detection of prostate...
Clinically Indicated Genetic Counseling After Breast Cancer Diagnosis
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Katz et al found that less than half of patients with clinical indications received formal genetic counseling after breast cancer diagnosis. Study Details The study involved surveys of 5,080 patients aged 20 to 79 years diagnosed with early ...
MEK1/2 Inhibition in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma
In a phase III trial (SUMIT) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Carvajal et al found that the addition of the oral MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib to dacarbazine did not significantly improve progression-free survival in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Study Details In the...
FDA Grants Priority Review to sNDA for Enzalutamide in Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
On March 19, a supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) for enzalutamide (Xtandi) was accepted for filing and granted Priority Review designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). If approved, the sNDA would expand the indication of enzalutamide to include men with nonmetastatic...
FDA Expands Approval of Brentuximab Vedotin for First-Line Treatment of Stage III or IV Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma in Combination With Chemotherapy
On March 20, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) to treat adult patients with previously untreated stage III or IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma in combination with chemotherapy. “Today’s approval represents an improvement in the initial...
Alterations in DNA Damage Response and Repair Genes and Response to PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Advanced Urothelial Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Teo et al found that alterations in DNA damage response and repair (DDR) genes, particularly known or likely deleterious alterations, were associated with response to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1...
Activity of Combined Immune Checkpoint and VEGF Inhibition as First-Line Therapy in Advanced Clear Cell RCC
In the dose-finding, dose-expansion phase Ib JAVELIN Renal 100 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Choueiri et al identified the maximum tolerated dose of the immune checkpoint inhibitor avelumab (Bavencio) in combination with the vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor axitinib...
Immunotherapy in Heavily Pretreated Advanced NSCLC
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Garassino et al, the phase II ATLANTIC trial has shown durvalumab (Imfinzi) to be active in third- or later-line treatment of advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Study Details In the study, 444 patients from 139 sites in Asia, Europe, and North ...
TAILORx Trial Results Aid in Assessing the Effect of Chemotherapy in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
On March 15, Genomic Health, Inc, was informed by the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group that the TAILORx trial, has achieved sufficient information to render a conclusion regarding the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer who have Oncotype DX recurrence score...
Study Finds Shared Decision-Making Still Lacking in Prostate Cancer Screening
A new study found many men receiving prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing do so without a comprehensive shared decision-making process, contrary to current guidelines. The American Cancer Society study, published by Fedewa et al in Annals of Family Medicine, found that in both 2010 and 2015,...
Testicular Cancer Survivors and Adequate Screening for Long-Term Heart Disease
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in young men. The majority of patients are cured of their disease, but a newly published study shows many remain at risk for later complications from chemotherapy or other treatments. The study, published by Zaid et al in JNCCN –Journal of the...
ASTRO Issues New Clinical Guideline for Whole-Breast Radiation Therapy
The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) has issued a new clinical guideline for the use of whole-breast radiation therapy for breast cancer that expands the population of patients recommended to receive hypofractionated treatment. The guideline was published by Smith et al in...
Effect of High-Deductible Insurance Enrollment on Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Wharam et al found that women who were switched from low-deductible to high-deductible insurance policies had delays in diagnostic workup, early breast cancer diagnosis, and initiation of chemotherapy compared with those maintained on...
Treatment Trends for Lymph Node–Positive Penile Cancer
In a study of data from the National Cancer Database reported in JAMA Oncology, Joshi et al found that two-thirds of patients with node-positive nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the penis received lymph node dissection and approximately half received chemotherapy in recent years. ...
Poorer Socioeconomic Status May Predict Lower Survival in Patients With Anal Cancer
Patients with lower income have a significantly reduced chance of surviving anal cancer, according to a new study led by investigators at NYU Langone Health’s Perlmutter Cancer Center published by Lin et al in the journal Cancer. The study shows that both overall and...
FDA Grants Breakthrough Therapy Designation to Erdafitinib for the Treatment of Metastatic Urothelial Cancer
On March 15, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to erdafitinib for the treatment of urothelial cancer. Urothelial cancer, most frequently in the bladder, is the sixth most common type of cancer in the United States. A Breakthrough Therapy ...
Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis: ASCO and CAP Joint Review
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology and the Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine by Jason D. Merker, MD, PhD, of Stanford University School of Medicine, and colleagues, ASCO and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) have issued a joint review on the status of...
MRI-Based Model for Prostate Biopsy Risk Stratification
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Mehralivand et al found that inclusion of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a predictive model may reduce unnecessary biopsies in men with suspected prostate cancer. Study Details In the study, a predictive model adding MRI-derived prostate volume...
AACR 2018: Acquired HER2 Mutations Confer Resistance to Hormone Therapy in ER-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Mutations in HER2 were found to confer resistance to hormone therapy in some estrogen receptor (ER)-positive metastatic breast cancer cases, and resistance could be reversed by dual treatment with the hormone therapy fulvestrant (Faslodex) and the HER2 kinase inhibitor neratinib (Nerlynx),...
AACR 2018: Prior Chemotherapies May Impair Pediatric Patients’ Ability to Develop Effective CAR T Cells
Pediatric patients with solid tumors may have poor quality T cells compared to patients with leukemia, and certain chemotherapies were detrimental to the T cells and their potential to become chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, according to data presented during a media preview for the...
AACR 2018: Chlamydia Infection May Be Associated With Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer
An antibody that is present in the blood of women previously infected with the sexually transmitted infection chlamydia is associated with a doubling in ovarian cancer risk, according to data presented during a media preview for the 2018 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual...
AACR 2018: Underserved Populations Lack Information About Clinical Trials, Biobanking
People in Louisiana communities with cancer health disparities would be interested in participating in clinical trials or submitting samples to biobanks if provided information about these opportunities by a trusted physician—but physicians reported lacking appropriate information to give to...
Prognostic Factors for Complete Response to Ibrutinib in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
In an analysis of two pooled studies reported in JAMA Oncology, O’Brien et al found that a complete response to ibrutinib (Imbruvica) in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia was more likely in patients receiving the agent as first-line therapy and in those without bulky disease....
