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By Murray F. Brennan, MD, and Mithat Gönen, PhD  / December 10, 2020

The Problem of ­Heterogeneity Within Stage

The more senior of this duo grew up with prognostication by disease stage and was taught that all stage IV cancers behaved the same. In the past 3 decades, we have become much more cognizant of the heterogeneity in outcome within stage. Individual Kaplan-Meier plots by stage separate well but hide...