Three decades after the first Surgeon General's report on smoking cessation, the Surgeon General has released a new report that reviews and updates evidence on the importance of quitting smoking. The report finds that more than two-thirds of U.S. adult cigarette smokers report an interest in quitting cigarette smoking; and the majority of adult cigarette smokers in the United States have tried to quit during the past year.
In addition to discussing the immediate and long-term health and economic benefits of smoking cessation at the individual and societal levels, the report presents updated findings on nicotine addiction and genetic factors that may impact smoking behaviors. Finally, the report discusses the wide variety of clinical and population-based interventions that have been scientifically shown to effectively increase smoking cessation.
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“We know more about the science of quitting than ever before. As a nation, we can and must do more to ensure that evidence-based cessation treatments are reaching the people that need them,” said Surgeon General Vice Admiral Jerome M. Adams, MD, MPH. “Today, I'm calling on health-care professionals, health systems, employers, insurers, public health professionals, and policymakers to take action to put an end to the staggering—and completely preventable—human and financial tolls that smoking takes on our country.”
“The steady decline in the number of Americans who smoke cigarettes is one of the great public health victories of recent decades,” said U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar. “Americans who quit cigarettes can add as much as a decade to their life expectancy. Unfortunately, millions of Americans still smoke cigarettes. But the good news is that, as the Surgeon General's report shows, we know more than ever before about effective ways to help Americans quit. Working together, we can make tobacco-related disease and death a thing of the past.”
Though cigarette smoking among American adults is at an all-time low (14%), it remains the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death in the United States. Approximately 34 million American adults currently smoke cigarettes.
Key Conclusions From the Report
This report expands on the findings from the 1990 report on the same topic, as well as past Surgeon General's reports on tobacco, reaching the following major conclusions:
- Smoking cessation benefits persons at any age.
- Smoking cessation reduces the risk of premature death and can add as much as a decade to life expectancy.
- Smoking places a substantial financial burden on smokers, health-care systems, and society—smoking cessation reduces this burden.
- More than 3 out of 5 U.S. adults who have ever smoked cigarettes have quit; however, less than one-third use U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved cessation medications or behavioral counseling.
- Disparities in key indicators of smoking cessation exist among subgroups within the U.S. population, including quit attempts, receiving advice to quit from a health professional, and using cessation therapies.
- Smoking cessation reduces the risk of many negative health effects, including reproductive health outcomes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and numerous cancers.
- Cessation medications approved by the FDA and behavioral counseling increase the likelihood of successfully quitting smoking, particularly when used in combination.
- Insurance coverage for smoking cessation treatment that is comprehensive, barrier-free, and widely promoted increases the use of these treatment services, leads to higher rates of successful quitting, and is cost-effective.
- E-cigarettes, a continually changing and diverse group of products, are used in a variety of ways; therefore, it is difficult to make generalizations about efficacy for cessation based on clinical trials involving a particular e-cigarette.
- There is presently inadequate evidence to conclude that e-cigarettes, in general, increase smoking cessation.
- Smoking cessation can be increased by raising the price of cigarettes, adopting comprehensive smoke-free policies, implementing mass media campaigns, requiring pictorial health warnings, and maintaining comprehensive statewide tobacco control programs.
This Surgeon General's report on smoking cessation, the 34th report on smoking and health since 1964, was compiled using a longstanding, peer-reviewed, and comprehensive process to safeguard the scientific rigor and practical relevance of Surgeon General's reports on tobacco.
For more information on the Surgeon General's Report, visit surgeongeneral.gov or cdc.gov/cessationsgr.
