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Showing 1 - 33Cervicovaginal Microbiome, BRCA1 Mutation Status, and Ovarian Cancer Risk
In a case-control study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Nené et al found that younger women with ovarian cancer or a BRCA1 mutation without cancer were more likely to have cervicovaginal microbiota characterized by a lower (community type O) vs higher (community type L) proportion of...
GOG-0218: Final Overall Survival Results for Addition of Bevacizumab to Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer
The final overall survival analysis of the phase III GOG-0218 trial, reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Tewari et al, showed no benefit of adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy in women with newly diagnosed, incompletely resected, advanced ovarian cancer. The trial included 1,873 women...
Ultrasonography Findings and Risk of Ovarian Cancer
In a study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Smith-Bindman et al found that the appearance of ovarian masses on ultrasonography was highly associated with risk of ovarian cancer in a large unselected population of women undergoing pelvic ultrasonography. Study Details The study was a nested...
Overall Survival After Minimally Invasive Radical Hysterectomy for Early-Stage Cervical Cancer
In a cohort study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Melamed et al found that minimally invasive radical hysterectomy was associated with poorer overall survival compared with open radical hysterectomy in women with early-stage cervical cancer. Study Details The study involved...
Use of Analgesics and Ovarian Cancer–Specific Survival
In a prospective cohort study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Merritt et al found evidence that recent use of aspirin or nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) after diagnosis appears to improve ovarian cancer–specific survival. Study Details The study involved...
Less Toxicity With Pelvic IMRT vs Standard RT in Cervical and Endometrial Cancers
In the phase III NRG Oncology-RTOG 1203 study, patient-reported gastrointestinal (GI) and urinary toxicities were reduced with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) vs standard radiotherapy (RT) in women with cervical or endometrial cancer. The findings were reported by Klopp et al in the...
Prexasertib in Pretreated BRCA Wild-Type High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
In a phase II study reported in The Lancet Oncology by Lee et al, the investigational cell-cycle checkpoint kinase 1 and 2 inhibitor prexasertib produced responses in women with recurrent BRCA wild-type high-grade serous ovarian cancer. In the study, 28 women with measureable disease enrolled...
Durvalumab With Olaparib or Cediranib in Women’s Cancers
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Lee et al, a phase I study has shown activity of the combination of the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor durvalumab with either the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) or vascular endothelial growth...
Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy vs Total Abdominal Hysterectomy for Stage I Endometrial Cancer
A multinational equivalence trial has shown no difference in disease-free survival with total laparoscopic hysterectomy vs total abdominal hysterectomy in women with treatment-naive stage I endometrial cancer. The findings were reported by Janda et al in JAMA. Study Details In the trial, 760...
Study Suggests Role of Bilateral Oophorectomy in Preventing Premenopausal Breast Cancer in BRCA2- but Not BRCA1-Mutation Carriers
Bilateral oophorectomy was associated with prevention of premenopausal breast cancer in BRCA2- but not BRCA1-mutation carriers, according to a study reported by Kotsopoulos et al in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. The study included 3,722 women with BRCA mutations in a prospective...
Study Finds HIV Infection Linked to Reduced Survival Among Women With Cervical Cancer in Botswana
Despite access to and use of antiretroviral therapy, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection was associated with reduced survival in women with cervical cancer in Botswana, according to a study reported by Dryden-Peterson et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Study Details The study...
Recommendations for Surveillance of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency in Female Survivors of CAYA Cancers
Harmonized recommendations for surveillance of premature ovarian insufficiency in female survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancers have been published by van Dorp et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology on behalf of the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer...
No Overall Advantage to Adding Pertuzumab to Chemotherapy in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer, but Subgroup May Benefit
According to the European phase III PENELOPE trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kurzeder et al found that adding pertuzumab (Perjeta) to investigator’s choice of chemotherapy did not improve progression-free survival in women with low-HER3 mRNA–expressing...
Study Reports No Overall Benefit of Adding Farletuzumab to Chemotherapy in Relapsed Ovarian Cancer, but Potential Subgroup Benefit Identified
Addition of the antifolate receptor-α antibody farletuzumab to carboplatin/taxane did not improve progression-free survival in patients with ovarian cancer in first platinum-sensitive relapse, reported Vergote et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. However, benefit was observed in...
Frequent Copy Number Gain of Genes for PD-1 Ligands in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix or Vulva
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Howitt et al identified copy number gain of genes encoding programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) ligands in a sizable proportion of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix or vulva. Study Details The study involved fluorescence in situ...
Study Explores Link Between MAPK Pathway Alteration and Long-Term Response to MEK Inhibitor in Serous Ovarian Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Grisham et al identified a novel alteration in the MAP2K1 gene encoding for MEK1 that appeared to explain a complete response ongoing for more than 5 years in a patient treated with the MEK inhibitor selumetinib for metastatic low-grade...
Analysis Indicates That Tubal Ligation Is Associated With Lower Endometrial Cancer Stage at Diagnosis and Improved Survival
In an analysis from the NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group 210 trial reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Felix et al found that tubal ligation, which should impede transtubal passage of cells, was associated with lower stage of endometrial cancer at presentation and...
POLE-Mutant and Microsatellite-Unstable Endometrial Tumors May Be Candidates for Anti–PD-1 Treatment
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Howitt et al found that polymerase e (POLE)-mutant and microsatellite-unstable endometrial tumors may be candidates for anti–PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) immunotherapy. Study Details In the study, neoantigen load was predicted on the basis of...
Phase II Trial Shows Activity of mTOR Inhibitor Ridaforolimus in Advanced Endometrial Carcinoma
In a randomized phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Oza et al found that the mTOR inhibitor ridaforolimus was active in previously treated advanced endometrial carcinoma. Study Details In the open-label study, 130 patients with progressive disease after one or two lines...
Risk Algorithm Using Serial CA-125 Measurements Increases the Number of Screen-Detected Ovarian Cancers
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Menon et al, findings in the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening indicate that the number of screen-detected ovarian cancers is doubled by using the risk of ovarian cancer algorithm (ROCA) with serial CA-125 measurements...
Complete Regression of Metastatic Cervical Cancer Is Observed After Treatment With HPV-Targeted Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Stevanovíc et al observed complete regression of metastatic cervical tumors in two patients following a single infusion of human papillomavirus (HPV)-targeted tumor-infiltrating T cells. In the protocol, nine patients with metastatic cervical ...
Complex Surgery Does Not Independently Predict Outcome in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
In an analysis in the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG 182) trial population reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Horowitz et al found that more complex surgery was not an independent predictor of progression-free or overall survival among patients with advanced epithelial ovarian or...
Oral Bisphosphonate Use Reduces Risk of Postmenopausal Endometrial Cancer
Bisphosphonate use for treatment or prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women has been associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, including in a study in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) population. In a WHI study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Newcomb et al...
Revised Risk Classification for Pediatric Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Frazier et al used data from U.S. and UK clinical trials to identify a high-risk group of patients with pediatric extracranial germ cell tumors. Study Details The study involved data from seven germ cell tumor trials conducted by the...
HPV 16/18 Vaccine Shows Protective Efficacy in Women Aged > 25 Years in 4-Year Interim Follow-up of VIVIANE Study
In the 4-year interim follow-up of the VIVIANE study reported in The Lancet by Skinner et al, the human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine was found to be protective against 6-month persistent infection or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 or higher (CIN1+) associated with...
No Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer With Perineal Powder Use
Perineal powder use has been associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer in case-control studies and with increased risk of serous invasive ovarian cancer in a cohort study. In a large cohort study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Houghton et al found no significant...
Accuracy of Edinburgh Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation Criteria in Girls and Young Women With Cancer
A study reported in The Lancet Oncology by Wallace et al evaluated the accuracy of criteria used for predicting ovarian insufficiency and offering ovarian tissue cryopreservation in young women with cancer at the Edinburgh Children’s Cancer Centre. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation with later...
ABCA Transporter Gene Expression Is Associated With Poor Outcome in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Hedditch et al found that expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes of the A subfamily (ABCA) had a significant impact on outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer. High ABCA1, Low ABCA5 Expression Analysis of gene...
Locoregional Progression of Cervical Cancer Follows Reverse Ontogenetic Sequence
In a study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Höckel et al demonstrated that locoregional progression of cervical cancer follows the reverse sequence of establishment of adult tissues in ontogeny. Ontogenetic staging was a better predictor of survival than pathologic staging. Previous work by...
Screening With Visual Inspection of Cervix After 4% Acetic Acid Could Reduce Cervical Cancer Mortality by 22,000 per Year in India
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women in India, a nation where large-scale Pap smear screening is not feasible. As reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Shastri et al have performed a large cluster-randomized study of education and screening of Indian...
Adding Bevacizumab to Chemotherapy Improves Survival in Advanced Cervical Cancer
Retreatment with cisplatin has reduced effectiveness in patients with recurrent cervical cancer who have received cisplatin with radiation therapy. In a 2×2 factorial phase III trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Tewari et al compared cisplatin/paclitaxel vs nonplatinum...
Half of Patients With Stage I Pediatric Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors Can Be Spared Chemotherapy After Initial Surgery With Surveillance Strategy
In a Children’s Oncology Group study (AGCT0132) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Billmire et al found that overall survival can be preserved in patients with stage I pediatric malignant ovarian germ cell tumor with a strategy of initial surveillance after surgical resection....
PPM1D Mutations in Circulating White Blood Cells Associated With Risk of Ovarian Cancer, Increased Mortality, and Risk of Breast Cancer
In a brief communication published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Akbari et al reported finding a higher frequency of PPM1D mutations in circulating white blood cells from women with ovarian cancer vs controls, higher mortality associated with the mutation in women with ovarian...
